Chotenthetsera chamagetsi ndi chida chodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi chamagetsi.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsa, kuteteza kutentha ndi kutenthetsa madzi oyenda ndi mpweya.Pamene Kutentha sing'anga akudutsa Kutentha chipinda chotenthetsera magetsi pansi zochita za kukakamizidwa, mfundo ya madzimadzi thermodynamics ntchito uniformly kuchotsa kutentha kwakukulu kwaiye ndi magetsi Kutentha element, kuti kutentha kwa sing'anga kutentha akhoza kukumana. zofunikira zaukadaulo za wogwiritsa ntchito.
Resistance Kutentha
Gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu ya Joule yamagetsi kuti musinthe mphamvu yamagetsi kukhala mphamvu yotentha kuti mutenthetse zinthu.Kawirikawiri anawagawa mwachindunji kukana Kutentha ndi kusalunjika kukana Kutentha.Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yakale ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ku chinthu chomwe chiyenera kutenthedwa, ndipo pamene pakuyenda pakalipano, chinthu chomwe chiyenera kutenthedwa (monga chitsulo chotenthetsera magetsi) chidzawotcha.Zinthu zomwe zimatha kutenthedwa molunjika ziyenera kukhala ma conductor okhala ndi resistivity yayikulu.Popeza kutentha kumapangidwa kuchokera ku chinthu chowotcha chokha, ndi cha kutentha kwa mkati, ndipo kutentha kwa kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri.Kutentha kosalunjika kumafuna zida zapadera za aloyi kapena zinthu zopanda zitsulo kuti zipange zinthu zotenthetsera, zomwe zimapanga mphamvu zotentha ndikuzitumiza ku chinthu chotenthedwa kudzera mu radiation, convection ndi conduction.Popeza chinthu chomwe chiyenera kutenthedwa ndi kutentha chimagawidwa mu magawo awiri, mitundu ya zinthu zomwe ziyenera kutenthedwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda malire, ndipo ntchitoyo ndi yosavuta.
Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsera kutentha kosalunjika nthawi zambiri zimafunikira kukana kwakukulu, kutentha pang'ono kwa kukana, kapindika kakang'ono pa kutentha kwakukulu komanso kosavuta kukumba.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi zitsulo monga iron-aluminium alloy, nickel-chromium alloy, ndi zinthu zopanda zitsulo monga silicon carbide ndi molybdenum disilicide.Kutentha kogwira ntchito kwa zinthu zotentha zachitsulo kumatha kufika 1000 ~ 1500 ℃ malinga ndi mtundu wazinthu;kutentha kwa ntchito kwa zinthu zopanda zitsulo zotentha kumatha kufika 1500 ~ 1700 ℃.Chotsatiracho ndi chosavuta kukhazikitsa ndipo chikhoza kusinthidwa ndi ng'anjo yotentha, koma chimafunika chowongolera magetsi pamene chikugwira ntchito, ndipo moyo wake ndi waufupi kuposa wa alloy heat elements.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ng'anjo zotentha kwambiri, malo omwe kutentha kumapitilira kutentha kovomerezeka kwazinthu zotenthetsera zitsulo komanso nthawi zina zapadera.
Kutentha kwa Induction
Kondakitala palokha amatenthedwa ndi mphamvu yotentha yomwe imapangidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi (eddy current) yopangidwa ndi woyendetsa mu gawo losinthira lamagetsi.Malinga ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zotenthetsera, ma frequency amagetsi a AC omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsera induction amaphatikiza ma frequency amagetsi (50-60 Hz), ma frequency apakati (60-10000 Hz) ndi ma frequency apamwamba (opitilira 10000 Hz).Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi magetsi a AC omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani, ndipo ma frequency ambiri padziko lapansi ndi 50 Hz.Magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chipangizo chothandizira ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pafupipafupi kuti atenthetsedwe ayenera kusinthidwa.Malinga ndi mphamvu ya zida zotenthetsera ndi mphamvu yamagetsi opangira magetsi, magetsi othamanga kwambiri (6-10 kV) angagwiritsidwe ntchito popereka mphamvu kudzera pa thiransifoma;zida zotenthetsera zimathanso kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ku gridi yamagetsi otsika a 380-volt.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yapakatikati yagwiritsa ntchito jenereta yapakatikati yomwe yakhazikitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.Zimapangidwa ndi jenereta yapakati pafupipafupi komanso injini yoyendetsa asynchronous.Mphamvu yotulutsa mayunitsi oterowo nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 50 mpaka 1000 kilowatts.Ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wamagetsi zamagetsi, thyristor inverter intermediate frequency magetsi agwiritsidwa ntchito.Mphamvu yamagetsi yapakatikati iyi imagwiritsa ntchito thyristor kuti iyambe kutembenuza ma frequency amagetsi osinthira kukhala ma frequency achindunji, kenako ndikusintha ma frequency olunjika kukhala ma frequency ofunikira.Chifukwa cha kukula kwazing'ono, kulemera kwa kuwala, palibe phokoso, ntchito yodalirika, ndi zina zotero za zida zosinthira pafupipafupi, pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa jenereta yapakati pafupipafupi.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yapamwamba nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito thiransifoma kuti ikweze voteji ya magawo atatu a 380 volt mpaka voteji yayikulu pafupifupi 20,000 volts, kenako amagwiritsa ntchito thyristor kapena high-voltage silicon rectifier kukonzanso ma frequency amagetsi osinthira magetsi kukhala amakono, ndiyeno gwiritsani ntchito chubu chamagetsi oscillator kuti mukonze ma frequency amphamvu.Direct current imasinthidwa kukhala ma frequency apamwamba, high voltage alternating current.Mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi othamanga kwambiri imayambira pa makumi a kilowatts mpaka mazana a kilowatts.
Zinthu zotenthedwa ndi induction ziyenera kukhala ma conductor.Pamene kusinthasintha kwapang'onopang'ono kumadutsa pa conductor, woyendetsa amapanga khungu, ndiko kuti, kachulukidwe kameneka pamwamba pa kondakitala ndi wamkulu, ndipo kachulukidwe kameneka pakati pa woyendetsa ndi kakang'ono.
Kutentha kwa induction kumatha kutenthetsa chinthu chonsecho ndi gawo lapansi;imatha kusungunula chitsulo;Pafupipafupi, sinthani mawonekedwe a koyilo yotenthetsera (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti inductor), ndipo imathanso kutenthetsa m'deralo.
Kutentha kwa Arc
Gwiritsani ntchito kutentha kwakukulu kopangidwa ndi arc kuti muwotche chinthucho.Arc ndi chodabwitsa cha kutulutsa kwa gasi pakati pa ma electrode awiri.Mpweya wa arc siwokwera kwambiri koma panopa ndi waukulu kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yake yamakono imasungidwa ndi ma ion ambiri omwe amatuluka pa electrode, kotero kuti arc imakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi maginito ozungulira.Pamene arc imapangidwa pakati pa ma electrode, kutentha kwa arc column kumatha kufika 3000-6000K, komwe kuli koyenera kusungunula zitsulo.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya kutentha kwa arc, kutentha kwachindunji ndi kosalunjika.Mtsinje wa arc wa kutentha kwachindunji kwa arc mwachindunji umadutsa mu chinthu chomwe chiyenera kutenthedwa, ndipo chinthu choyenera kutenthedwa chiyenera kukhala electrode kapena sing'anga ya arc.Mtsinje wa arc wa kutentha kosalunjika sikudutsa mu chinthu chowotcha, ndipo makamaka umatenthedwa ndi kutentha komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi arc.Makhalidwe a kutentha kwa arc ndi: kutentha kwakukulu kwa arc ndi mphamvu zokhazikika.Komabe, phokoso la arc ndi lalikulu, ndipo mawonekedwe ake a volt-ampere ndi mawonekedwe otsutsa (makhalidwe otsika).Pofuna kusunga kukhazikika kwa arc pamene arc ikutenthedwa, mtengo wanthawi yomweyo wamagetsi ozungulira ndi waukulu kuposa mtengo wa arc-starting voteji pamene arc panopa imadutsa zero, komanso kuti muchepetse mphamvu yafupipafupi; chotsutsa cha mtengo wina chiyenera kulumikizidwa mndandanda mu dera la mphamvu.
Electron Beam Heating
Pamwamba pa chinthucho chimatenthedwa ndi bombarding pamwamba pa chinthucho ndi ma electron akuyenda pa liwiro lalikulu pansi pa ntchito ya magetsi.Chigawo chachikulu cha kutentha kwa electron mtengo ndi jenereta ya electron, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti mfuti ya electron.Mfuti ya elekitironi imapangidwa makamaka ndi cathode, condenser, anode, electromagnetic lens ndi coil deflection.Anode imakhazikika, cathode imalumikizidwa ndi malo olakwika apamwamba, mtengo wokhazikika nthawi zambiri umakhala wofanana ndi cathode, ndipo gawo lamagetsi lothamanga limapangidwa pakati pa cathode ndi anode.Ma elekitironi opangidwa ndi cathode amathamangitsidwa kupita ku liwilo lalitali kwambiri potengera gawo lamagetsi lomwe likuyenda bwino, loyang'aniridwa ndi magalasi amagetsi, kenako amawongoleredwa ndi coil yokhotakhota, kotero kuti mtengo wa electron umalunjika ku chinthu chotenthetsera mu chinthu china. malangizo.
Ubwino wa kutentha kwa electron mtengo ndi: (1) Polamulira mtengo wamakono Ie wa mtengo wa electron, mphamvu yotentha imatha kusinthidwa mosavuta komanso mofulumira;(2) Gawo lotenthetsera likhoza kusinthidwa momasuka kapena dera la bombarded ndi mtengo wa elekitironi likhoza kusinthidwa momasuka pogwiritsa ntchito lens yamagetsi;Onjezani kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kuti zinthu zomwe zaphulitsidwa ziwonjezeke nthawi yomweyo.
Kutentha kwa infrared
Pogwiritsa ntchito cheza cha infrared kuti chiwunikire zinthu, chinthucho chikatenga kuwala kwa infrared, chimatembenuza mphamvu yowunikira kukhala mphamvu ya kutentha ndikutenthedwa.
Infrared ndi mafunde a electromagnetic.Mu mawonekedwe a dzuwa, kunja kwa mapeto ofiira a kuwala kowoneka, ndi mphamvu yosaoneka yowala.Mu mawonekedwe a electromagnetic spectrum, kutalika kwa mawonekedwe a kuwala kwa infrared kuli pakati pa 0.75 ndi 1000 microns, ndipo ma frequency osiyanasiyana ali pakati pa 3 × 10 ndi 4 × 10 Hz.M'mafakitale, mawonekedwe a infrared nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu angapo: 0.75-3.0 microns ali pafupi ndi madera a infrared;3.0-6.0 ma microns ndi zigawo zapakati pa infuraredi;6.0-15.0 ma microns ndi zigawo zakutali;15.0-1000 ma microns ndi madera akutali kwambiri.Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi kuthekera kosiyanasiyana kotengera kuwala kwa infrared, ndipo ngakhale chinthu chomwecho chimakhala ndi kuthekera kosiyana kotengera kuwala kwa infrared kwamafunde osiyanasiyana.Chifukwa chake, pakugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa infuraredi, gwero loyenera la radiation la infuraredi liyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi mtundu wa chinthu chotenthetsera, kuti mphamvu yama radiation imakhazikika pamayamwidwe amtundu wa chinthu chotenthedwa, kuti mupeze kutentha kwabwino. zotsatira.
Kutentha kwa infrared magetsi kwenikweni ndi njira yapadera yotenthetsera kukana, ndiko kuti, gwero la radiation limapangidwa ndi zinthu monga tungsten, iron-nickel kapena nickel-chromium alloy ngati radiator.Ikapatsidwa mphamvu, imatulutsa ma radiation chifukwa cha kukana kwake kutentha.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi magetsi opangira magetsi opangira magetsi ndi mtundu wa nyali (mtundu wowunikira), mtundu wa chubu (mtundu wa chubu cha quartz) ndi mtundu wa mbale (mtundu wa planar).Mtundu wa nyali ndi bulb ya infrared yokhala ndi tungsten filament ngati radiator, ndipo ulusi wa tungsten umasindikizidwa mu chipolopolo chagalasi chodzazidwa ndi mpweya wa inert, monga babu wamba wowunikira.Rediyetayo ikapatsidwa mphamvu, imatulutsa kutentha (kutentha kumakhala kotsika kuposa kwa mababu onse), motero imatulutsa kuwala kochuluka kwa infuraredi ndi kutalika kwa mafunde pafupifupi 1.2 microns.Ngati chowunikira chakutidwa pakhoma lamkati la chipolopolo chagalasi, kuwala kwa infrared kumatha kukhazikika ndikuwunikira mbali imodzi, chifukwa chake gwero lamtundu wa infrared radiation limatchedwanso rediyeta yowunikira.Chubu cha gwero la ma radiation amtundu wa chubu amapangidwa ndi galasi la quartz lomwe lili ndi waya wa tungsten pakati, motero amatchedwanso quartz chubu-mtundu wa infrared radiator.Kutalika kwa kuwala kwa infrared komwe kumapangidwa ndi mtundu wa nyali ndi mtundu wa chubu kuli pakati pa 0,7 mpaka 3 ma microns, ndipo kutentha kwa ntchito kumakhala kochepa.The poizoniyu pamwamba pa mbale-mtundu infuraredi cheza gwero ndi lathyathyathya pamwamba, amene wapangidwa ndi lathyathyathya kukana mbale.Kutsogolo kwa mbale yotsutsa kumakutidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi coefficient yaikulu yowonetsera, ndipo mbali yakumbuyo imakutidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi kachigawo kakang'ono kowonetserako, kotero kuti mphamvu zambiri zotentha zimachokera kutsogolo.Kutentha kogwira ntchito kwamtundu wa mbale kumatha kufika kupitirira 1000 ℃, ndipo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito polumikizira zida zachitsulo ndi ma welds a mapaipi akulu akulu ndi muli.
Chifukwa cheza cha infrared chimakhala ndi mphamvu yolowera kwambiri, imatengedwa mosavuta ndi zinthu, ndipo ikangotengedwa ndi zinthu, imasandulika kukhala mphamvu ya kutentha;kutayika kwa mphamvu kusanayambe komanso pambuyo pa kutentha kwa infrared kumakhala kochepa, kutentha kumakhala kosavuta kulamulira, ndipo khalidwe la kutentha ndilopamwamba.Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa infrared kwakula mofulumira.
Kutentha kwapakati
Zida zotetezera zimatenthedwa ndi gawo lamagetsi lapamwamba kwambiri.Chinthu chachikulu chotenthetsera ndi dielectric.Dielectric ikayikidwa m'malo osinthika amagetsi, imasinthidwa mobwerezabwereza (pansi pakuchita kwa gawo lamagetsi, pamwamba kapena mkati mwa dielectric imakhala ndi ndalama zofananira ndi zosiyana), potero kutembenuza mphamvu yamagetsi m'munda wamagetsi kukhala. kutentha mphamvu.
Mafupipafupi a magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsera dielectric ndi okwera kwambiri.Pakatikati, mafunde afupiafupi ndi ma ultra-short-wave, ma frequency amachokera ku mazana angapo a kilohertz mpaka 300 MHz, yomwe imatchedwa kutenthetsa kwapakati kwapakati.Ngati ndipamwamba kuposa 300 MHz ndikufikira bandi ya microwave, imatchedwa microwave medium heat.Kawirikawiri kutentha kwa dielectric kwapamwamba kwambiri kumachitika m'munda wamagetsi pakati pa mbale ziwiri za polar;pomwe Kutentha kwa dielectric kwa microwave kumachitika mu waveguide, pabowo la resonant kapena pansi pa kuyatsa kwa radiation ya microwave antenna.
Dielectric ikatenthedwa pamagetsi othamanga kwambiri, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatengedwa pa voliyumu iliyonse ndi P=0.566fEertgδ×10 (W/cm)
Ngati zikuwonetsedwa molingana ndi kutentha, zitha kukhala:
H=1.33fEertgδ×10 (cal/sec·cm)
kumene f ndi mafupipafupi a malo amagetsi amtundu wapamwamba, εr ndi chilolezo chochepa cha dielectric, δ ndi dielectric loss angle, ndipo E ndi mphamvu yamagetsi.Zitha kuwonedwa kuchokera ku chilinganizo chakuti mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatengedwa ndi dielectric kuchokera kumalo amagetsi othamanga kwambiri ndi yofanana ndi sikweya ya mphamvu yamagetsi E, ma frequency f a gawo lamagetsi, ndi angle yotayika δ ya dielectric. .E ndi f zimatsimikiziridwa ndi gawo lamagetsi lomwe lagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe εr zimatengera zomwe dielectric yokha.Choncho, zinthu za sing'anga Kutentha ndi makamaka zinthu ndi lalikulu sing'anga imfa.
Mu kutentha kwa dielectric, popeza kutentha kumapangidwa mkati mwa dielectric (chinthu chomwe chiyenera kutenthedwa), kutentha kwachangu kumathamanga, kutentha kwabwino kumakhala kokwanira, ndipo kutentha kumakhala kofanana poyerekeza ndi kutentha kwina kwakunja.
Kutentha kwa media kungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'makampani kutenthetsa ma gels otentha, tirigu wowuma, mapepala, matabwa, ndi zinthu zina za fibrous;imatha kutenthetsanso mapulasitiki asanapangidwe, komanso kuphulika kwa mphira ndi kugwirizana kwa matabwa, pulasitiki, ndi zina zotero. .Pazinthu zofananira, kutentha kochuluka kumatheka.
Jiangsu Weineng Electric Co., Ltd ndi akatswiri opanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chotenthetsera chamagetsi m'mafakitale, chilichonse chimasinthidwa makonda pafakitale yathu, chonde mungagawane zomwe mukufuna mwatsatanetsatane, kenako titha kuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane ndikupangirani kapangidwe kanu.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-11-2022